Molecular Biology = genetic engineering - identifying gene function in a cell - although we know th

Molecular Biology = genetic engineering - identifying gene function in a cell - although we know the exact sequence of bases in the reference gene (and thus the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein), we do not say anything about the function, the function can be found eg targeted mutations in this very gene and observing what is then the cell differs from normal cells (gene knockout replacement, AMaddition) - infectious diseases, inherited diseases, cancer (predisposition, monitoring, therapy), personal identification - Methods 17 day diet - restriction maps (termination 17 day diet restriction site) - blotting, DNA probes, NK hybridization (FISH - fluorescence in situ hybridization, ASO - allele-specific oligonucleotides), PCR (polymerase chain reaction), direct DNA sequence ... see instructions on practices - basic conditions for molecular diagnosis - isolation of DNA (DNA release of cells, 17 day diet DNA denaturation), selection of appropriate primers for amplification, preventing contamination - the benefits of molecular detection of pathogens - speed test (hours per week), earlier detection (before antibody 17 day diet synthesis), higher sensitivity - in the University Hospital in Hradec Králové - Molecular Diagnostics extrahumánního genome - Hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, mycobacteria, Borrelia; elsewhere is also done - chlamydia, Neisseria gonorhoeae, papillomaviruses, HIV - diagnosis of hereditary diseases (the Hospital 17 day diet in Hradec) - Adult polycystic kidney Duchenova muscular dystrophy, hemophilia A , B, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, 17 day diet Haemoblastosis - diagnosis of malignancy (FN HK) - Haemoblastosis - presymptomatic diagnosis - diagnosis available, 17 day diet not therapy - such as breast CA - prophylactic ablation (removal of the breast) X regular checks, waiting for when the cancer appear - each 200 woman has an innate sensitivity - 80% chance that the cancer appears in the 40th year of life (BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene) application of genetic engineering 17 day diet in the production of pharmaceuticals - the traditional way was a tarmac are produced by chemical synthesis or purification of natural substances. Genetic engineering allows the production of a large variety of drugs and diagnostic products based on the use of biosynthetic potential of living organisms. - Biotechnology is possible to produce a number of drugs: insulin (Diabetes mallitus, E. coli), growth hormone (dwarfism, E. coli), clotting factor VIII (hemophilia A; animal), vitamins, 17 day diet amino acids, enzymes, steroids (FSH-hamsters) vaccine, etc. -) By the production of better quality and is of an unlimited number 17 day diet of genetic engineering allows for the production of which were previously unmanufacturable: Interferons (viral infections, chronic granulomatous disease), interleukins (immunodeficiency), lymphokines (immunodeficiency), tissue plasminogen activator ( myocardial infarction), 17 day diet erythropoietin (anemia), other biologically active substances: granulocytes stim. f (stimulation of the bone marrow), macrophages stim. f (neutropenia) - but: the problem of getting protein from bb. That produce! 17 day diet -) Search solution: use of the genes that produce proteins in breast milk -) which are then transferred into mouse embryos -) transgenic mice -) production combined with milk proteins, thus was created tissue plasminogen activator; follows is resolved 17 day diet many problems because the isolation of protein from milk is simple - transgenic sheep: milk with human alpha 1 antitrypsin - it is estimated that 25% of the products will be produced based on biotechnology - recombinant drugs: proteins, peptides - the production of new proteins: 17 day diet bacteria (E. coli ), yeast, bb. grown in vitro transgenic organisms
Historical overview: Hooke in 1665 - coined the term cell = cell Leeuwenhoek - observing the unicellular 17 day diet organisms Schleiden 1838 - described ...
Blood groups 17 day diet in man determined about 20 essential genes on different chromosomes alleles of these genes produce specific membrane anti ...